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In 1644, the Manchus, a relatively unknown people inhabiting China’s rude northeastern frontier, overthrew the Ming, Asia’s mightiest rulers, and established the Qing dynasty, which endured to 1912. From this event arises one of Chinese history’s great conundrums: How did a barely literate alien people manage to remain in power for nearly 300 years over a highly cultured population that was vastly superior in number? This problem has fascinated scholars for almost a century, but until now no one has approached the question from the Manchu point of view.
This book, the first in any language to be based mainly on Manchu documents, supplies a radically new perspective on the formative period of the modern Chinese nation. Drawing on recent critical notions of ethnicity, the author explores the evolution of the “Eight Banners,” a unique Manchu system of social and military organization that was instrumental in the conquest of the Ming.
The author argues that as rulers of China the Manchu conquerors had to behave like Confucian monarchs, but that as a non-Han minority they faced other, more complex considerations as well. Their power derived not only from the acceptance of orthodox Chinese notions of legitimacy, but also, the author suggests, from Manchu “ethnic sovereignty,” which depended on the sustained coherence of the conquerors.
When, in the early 1700s, this coherence was threatened by rapid acculturation and the prospective loss of Manchu distinctiveness, the Qing court, always insecure, desperately urged its minions to uphold the traditions of an idealized “Manchu Way.” However, the author shows that it was not this appeal but rather the articulation of a broader identity grounded in the realities of Eight Banner life that succeeded in preserving Manchu ethnicity, and the Qing dynasty along with it, into the twentieth century.
- Sales Rank: #900146 in Books
- Published on: 2001-03-15
- Released on: 2001-03-15
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.25" h x 1.60" w x 6.13" l, 1.86 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 608 pages
Review
"This book is the most interesting history ever written of the Manchus in Chinese life, and one of the most important contributions to Qing studies in the last decade. . . . It is engagingly, even elegantly written, with enviable clarity and nice touches of ironic humor."—Timothy Brook, University of Toronto
"[The Manchu Way] will be important reading not only for all historians of China but for all students of the history of the early modern world. Formidable in its learning, it is very lucidly written, makes its arguments clearly, and is full of vivid descriptions and quotations."—American Historical Review
"By examining the details of garrison life, using extensive archival materials written only in Manchu, Elliot draws an insiders' picture of their world. . . . Elliot offers a rich fund of material and a new and powerful argument that is vital reading for anyone interested in the transition from empire to nation around the world."—The Journal of Interdisciplinary History
"This is a wide-ranging and innovative book. Furthermore, it is written in a lively, accessible style . . . .It will also be stimulating for readers interested in ethnicity, identity, and the creation of empires. Overall, it is undoubtedly a scholarly achievement of the highest order."—History Today
From the Inside Flap
In 1644, the Manchus, a relatively unknown people inhabiting China’s rude northeastern frontier, overthrew the Ming, Asia’s mightiest rulers, and established the Qing dynasty, which endured to 1912. From this event arises one of Chinese history’s great conundrums: How did a barely literate alien people manage to remain in power for nearly 300 years over a highly cultured population that was vastly superior in number? This problem has fascinated scholars for almost a century, but until now no one has approached the question from the Manchu point of view.
This book, the first in any language to be based mainly on Manchu documents, supplies a radically new perspective on the formative period of the modern Chinese nation. Drawing on recent critical notions of ethnicity, the author explores the evolution of the “Eight Banners,” a unique Manchu system of social and military organization that was instrumental in the conquest of the Ming.
The author argues that as rulers of China the Manchu conquerors had to behave like Confucian monarchs, but that as a non-Han minority they faced other, more complex considerations as well. Their power derived not only from the acceptance of orthodox Chinese notions of legitimacy, but also, the author suggests, from Manchu “ethnic sovereignty,” which depended on the sustained coherence of the conquerors.
When, in the early 1700s, this coherence was threatened by rapid acculturation and the prospective loss of Manchu distinctiveness, the Qing court, always insecure, desperately urged its minions to uphold the traditions of an idealized “Manchu Way.” However, the author shows that it was not this appeal but rather the articulation of a broader identity grounded in the realities of Eight Banner life that succeeded in preserving Manchu ethnicity, and the Qing dynasty along with it, into the twentieth century.
From the Back Cover
“This book is the most interesting history ever written of the Manchus in Chinese life, and one of the most important contributions to Qing studies in the last decade. . . . It is engagingly, even elegantly written, with enviable clarity and nice touches of ironic humor.”—Timothy Brook, University of Toronto
“[The Manchu Way] will be important reading not only for all historians of China but for all students of the history of the early modern world. Formidable in its learning, it is very lucidly written, makes its arguments clearly, and is full of vivid descriptions and quotations.”—American Historical Review
Most helpful customer reviews
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Very Interesting
By R. Albin
This well written and very interesting book focuses on the role of Manchu ethnicity in the Qing Empire. Elliott addresses 2 major questions; was the maintenance of Manchu ethnicity important and what constituted Manchu ethnicity? The former question addresses the common idea that the Qing dynasty ruled China by becoming Sinicized. After a useful historiographic discussion laying out past discussions of this question, Elliott argues well that maintenance of the Manchu Banner system was a crucial, and even more important, perceived by the Imperial court to a crucial, prop of the Qing system. The Banners provided an important alternate channel for the court to govern China and maintaining the Manchu Banners as a ethnically segregated and in important respects privileged group provided the court with a group whose primary loyalty was to the Emperor. The court devoted considerable resources to dealing with the financial demands of the Banner system and the problem of acculturation of the Bannermen. The latter problem arose because of the wholesale migration of the Manchus and their Bannermen into China with the Qing conquest and their permanent residence within China. This raises the interesting issue of what was Manchu ethnicity. From the beginning of the conquest, this was partly the nature of the banner system and over time, as some other aspects of Manchu ethnicity, such as the Manchu language use, atrophied, the institutional aspects of the Banner system came to dominate the concept of Manchu ethnicity.
Elliott's analysis, based on a good deal of original scholarship in Manchu language documents, is quite convincing and casts a great deal of light on the nature of the Qing state and Qing society. My only complaint is that there may have been some missed opportunities in this book. It would have been very useful to have some comparative analysis. Elliott does mention the Ottoman Janissaries briefly but more extended comparisons of the Janissaries and the Mamluks would have been very interesting. In his discussions of Imperial efforts to maintain the "Manchu Way," Elliott points to the court's insistence on such traditional practices as horsemanship and archery skills. He never really mentions that there may have been pragmatic import to maintaining these skills. For much of the Qing period, the great military challenge, as it was for much of Chinese history, was from Inner Asia. Horse archer cavalry was a, perhaps the, key military instrument for warfare on the steppes. Finally, Elliott's narrative implies that the court's efforts to maintain Manchu ethnicity and the banner system contributed significantly to the military conservatism of the Qing state. An explicit discussion of this point (of which Elliott is aware - its mentioned in an endnote) would have been useful.
17 of 22 people found the following review helpful.
A Classic in Manchu Studies
By Wei-chieh Tsai
If you are interested in Manchu studies and ethnicity, don't miss this book. Dr. Elliott mainly used Manchu, Chinese, English, and Japanese source about the Qing (Ch'ing) eight banners system, and reviewed relative studies. He tried to combine the historical institution and Manchu ethnic identity in this ambitious research. Although Dr. Crossley also tried to discuss this issue, I just preferred Elliott's point of view -- "New Traditionalism." I recommend this book for readers of Manchu Studies, history, and anthropology.
0 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
The more you know about China's recent past, the better you can understand and entertain China!
By Sungoh Yoon
Qing dynasty contributed to what China is today. Learn about Qing and better understand the reality of modern Chinese society!
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